Recent Study on How Vaccines Impact Long COVID

Long Covid is a range of new, returning, or ongoing symptoms after the infection of Covid-19, also known as post-acute sequelae of SARs CoV-2 infection(PASC), technically by name.

Its symptoms vary, and it has no test for its diagnosis. After a month of infection, the symptoms appear as fatigue, difficulty breathing, cough, brain fog, diarrhoea, pains in the joints, muscles, stomach, and many more.

The Department of Veterans Affairs researched 33,940 people who had a breakthrough from Covid-19 after getting a vaccination. This was a recent study published in Nature Medicine. The research discovered people in the study who were vaccinated six months after their initial COVID-19 diagnosis had a slightly decreased risk of getting Long COVID.

They also had a significant reduction in blood clotting and lung complications. The study also observed that the comparison of vaccinated and unvaccinated people appears; not to have much difference for longer-term risks of neurological issues, gastrointestinal symptoms, kidney failure, and other aspects of Long COVID.

“This was disappointing,” said Dr. Ziyad Al-Aly, M.D., lead author and chief of research and development service at VA Saint Louis Health Care System. “I was hoping to see that vaccines offer more protection, especially given that vaccines are our only line of defence nowadays.”

Recently, U.S. Centres for Disease Control and Prevention released data suggesting Long COVID affects one in five adults below the age of 65 and one in four whose age is 65 years and older. The older group tends to develop a higher risk of kidney failure, Type 2 diabetes, neurological problems, and mental health issues.

However, in both age groups, the infected patients had twice the risk of uninfected people developing respiratory issues and lung symptoms, including pulmonary embolism.

Those in the U.S who received two shots of Moderna or Pfizer-BioNTech vaccines and a shot of Johnson & Johnson vaccine were studied, but there was no evaluation of the effects of their booster shots. Other countries also had similar information, and Lancet published it. 

It shows a 50% decrease in risk in people vaccinated, while a study posted on medRxiv by a University of Oxford scientist based on U.S. electronic medical records suggested vaccination didn’t decrease the risk of Long Covid for most symptoms.

Another study published in the Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology by investigators at Northwestern Medicine discovered that vaccination did not seem to have any effects on the cognitive function of the 52 Long Covid patients

The study’s lead author, Dr. Igor Koralnik, M.D., chief of neuro-infectious diseases at Northwestern, said, “There is a neutral effect of vaccination. It didn’t cure Long COVID. It didn’t make Long COVID worse.”

Anecdotally, some medical professionals feel that there has been an increase in vaccinated people having breakthrough infections and developing Long COVID. Some express concern that public health officials aren’t taking this increase seriously because of the neglect of the odds and risks of Long COVID.

The director of rehabilitation innovation at the Mount Sinai Health System in New York, David Putrino, a Ph.D. said, “We failed in our health messaging that death is not the only serious consequence of a COVID-19 infection. I am very concerned that what is happening is leading us to a continuation of the mass-disabling event we are seeing with Long COVID. Many of the symptoms of Long Covid are also related to other diseases such as lung disease, heart disease, and many more.

Dr. Nathan Erdmann, an assistant professor of infectious diseases, worked at the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Heersink School of Medicine. 

He said identifying long Covid in older people is tricky, and can not be diagnosed easily since there is no specific diagnostic test. One of the two physicians at the Keck School of Medicine's Covid clinic, Dr. Caitlin McAuley said if new or pre-existing conditions are managed correctly and yet tests show negative, there is a probability of a Long Covid presence.

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